How Are Diamonds Made

Natural Diamonds

Diamond is an allotrope of carbon, a mineral that forms at least 100 miles under ground. The pressures and heat that are required for diamond to form only exist at these depths. Contrary to popular belief, diamond is not a product of coal in any way. Most diamonds we see today were formed from naturally occurring carbon and are at least one billion years old, predating any Carboniferous forests which produced coal by at least 650 million years.

Synthetic Diamonds

Diamonds can be made in factories, by squeezing Carbon in machines at high temperature and pressure, but diamonds made in this way are full of flaws and cannot be used for gemstones. They are instead very useful in industrial tools as an abrasive.

There are two main methods – “high pressure, high temperature” (HPHT and also called BARS method), or you can go “ultra low pressure, high temperature (also known as CVD).

The HPHT method is the one used by almost all synthetic diamond producers today (both for gem use and industrial use). This process tries to mimic how diamonds are grown under the earth, and uses a diamond seed which serves as the growth template, and then a carbon source and catalysts are added to help it grow.

Once you have a finished crystal, you cut off the original ’seed’ diamond, and you are left with a nice lab grown diamond.

CVD is currently mostly used for coating things with diamond, as there are still a lot of challenges to actually grow a larger single diamond with this method. It also uses a diamond seed, but the carbon is supplied by gas that is then molecularly shredded, and the carbon then ‘rains’ down onto the diamond seed below and grows.

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